{"id":439,"date":"2019-09-03T14:25:06","date_gmt":"2019-09-03T11:25:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/beta\/?page_id=439"},"modified":"2024-12-08T16:13:03","modified_gmt":"2024-12-08T14:13:03","slug":"kakvo-da-vidya","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/en\/turizam\/kakvo-da-vidya\/","title":{"rendered":"Tourist sites"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"439\" class=\"elementor elementor-439\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e78457b e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e78457b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-418f26c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"418f26c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tourist sites<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a2c2bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"4a2c2bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><nav aria-label=\"breadcrumbs\" class=\"rank-math-breadcrumb\"><p><span class=\"last\">Home<\/span><\/p><\/nav><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2be50a44 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2be50a44\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a5698dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a5698dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The Shumen Plateau has been inhabited by humans since ancient times. This is evidenced by fragments of clay vessels and tools found in caves. During different historical periods, numerous Thracian, ancient and medieval settlements and fortresses existed on the territory of the Shumen Plateau Nature Reserve.<\/p><\/div><div><p><a href=\"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/heritage1.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-37 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/heritage1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"363\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/heritage1.jpg 640w, https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/heritage1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/heritage1-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" \/><\/a>The most significant historical and archaeological site is <strong>&quot;Shumen Fortress&quot; (&quot;Old Town&quot;).<\/strong> It is located about 3 km. west of the town of Shumen. Archaeological research, which began in 1957 and lasted nearly 30 years, proves the existence of a fortified settlement as early as the time of the Thracians (5th-2nd centuries BC). During the Roman era (2nd-4th centuries), the fortification became a fortress guarding important Roman roads. In the 5th-6th centuries it was a Byzantine stronghold defending the approaches to the Stara Planina Mountains. The most significant period was during the late Middle Ages (12th-14th centuries), when the Shumen Fortress was one of the most important urban centers of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom. It has an external fortification of three fortress walls and a small internal fortification - a citadel. The inner city has six quarters and six Christian churches. Four churches were built outside the fortress walls, which, like the internal ones, were richly decorated. In 1388, the Shumen Fortress was captured by the troops of Ali Pasha. It was finally destroyed in 1444 during the clash between the Turkish garrison and the crusaders of Vladislav III Jagiellon. Today, the &quot;Shumen Fortress&quot; is a well-studied, preserved and partially restored historical and archaeological reserve, included in the list of the One Hundred National Tourist Sites.<\/p><\/div><div><h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/812han_krum.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-163 alignright\" style=\"padding-left: 20px;\" src=\"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/812han_krum.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"364\" height=\"156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/812han_krum.jpg 800w, https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/812han_krum-300x129.jpg 300w, https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/812han_krum-768x329.jpg 768w, https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/812han_krum-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 364px) 100vw, 364px\" \/><\/a> \u00a0<strong>Rock monasteries<\/strong><\/h4><p style=\"text-align: left;\">They arose during the Second Bulgarian Kingdom (12th-14th centuries) and for more than two centuries were a space of religious, spiritual and cultural life. The rock monasteries, churches and monastic cells are associated with the development of hesychasm, a religious doctrine that preached &quot;pure Christianity&quot;. They are concentrated in the southern and eastern parts of the plateau. They were built in natural caves or rock niches in high, difficult-to-pass slopes or rock crowns. They were reached by steps carved into the rocks or by wooden and rope ladders. The soft structure of the limestone rocks allowed for additional processing and adaptation for the needs of monastic life. Stone walls or wooden partition walls were probably used to complete their construction. This is judged by the preserved rectangular outlines in the rocks and by the presence of holes that served to place supporting pillars for wooden walls, eaves and sheds. The rock monasteries (complexes) on the Shumen Plateau most often include churches, a varying number of cells and tombs. A rock church is considered to be a room that has elements inherent to church architecture: iconostasis, altar, apse, throne stone, etc. All rock churches are oriented in the east-west direction. There is scant and very general information about medieval rock monasteries.<\/p><p>The earliest reports come from Archbishop Petar Bogdan Bakshev (1601-1674). He visited Shumen and the surrounding area in 1640 and recounted the deeply impressed experiences he had\u00a0<em>&quot;nests of enlightenment&quot;<\/em>. It is reported that\u00a0<em>&quot;To the north above the city, in the mountain, there is a hermitage, carved into the rock, and Slavic or Serbian writings and images are clearly visible, but everything was destroyed by the Turks&quot;<\/em>.<\/p><p>The first studies of the rock monasteries in Bulgaria, including those on the Shumen Plateau, were made by Karel Shkorpil (1859-1944). He visited a large number of them and described their location and characteristics. In 1963, Stoyan Maslev gave more details about these medieval religious centers.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2909 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-300x242.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-15x12.jpg 15w, https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.jpg 495w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p><p>Scheme of Kostadinov Monastery: 1 \u2013 entrance, 2 \u2013 eastern church space, 3 \u2013 apse, 4,5,6 \u2013 niches, 7 \u2013 bench, 8 \u2013 entrance to a small compartment, 9 \u2013 cell, 10 \u2013 opening for lighting, 11 \u2013 carved entrance, 12 \u2013 room, 13 \u2013 carved burial trough, 14 \u2013 bench, 15 \u2013 opening, 16 \u2013 hole with a rectangular section, 17- niches, 18 \u2013 large rock column<\/p><\/div><h4><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-164 size-medium alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/117217151745-300x196.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/117217151745-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/117217151745-1024x668.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/117217151745-768x501.jpg 768w, https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/117217151745-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/117217151745.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><strong>Memorial Complex &quot;Creators of the Bulgarian State&quot;<\/strong><\/h4><div><p>It is located in the southeastern part of the Shumen Plateau. It was built in honor of the 1300th anniversary of the establishment of the Bulgarian state according to the design of arch. Krum Damyanov. It was opened on 28.XI.1981. Through massive sculptural compositions, mosaic panels and fragments with inscriptions, the monument recreates the most important moments in the history of the First Bulgarian Kingdom. It consists of two halls. The first reflects the era of the pagan state. The central figure here is Khan Asparuh. The &quot;Gallery of the Khans&quot; leads to the second hall, in which the rulers Tervel, Krum and Omurtag are immortalized. The second hall symbolizes the &quot;Golden Age&quot; of Christian Bulgaria. In the center of the sculptural composition is Tsar Simeon. Multicolored mosaic panels interpret the themes of the baptism of the Bulgarians and the mission of Cyril and Methodius and their students. The monument is crowned with a granite sculpture of a lion, symbolizing the spirit and power of the Bulgarians throughout the centuries.<\/p><p><em>The site is included in the list of the One Hundred National Tourist Sites.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tourist sites The Shumen Plateau has been inhabited by humans since ancient times. This is evidenced by fragments of clay vessels and tools found in caves. During different historical eras, numerous Thracian, ancient and medieval settlements and fortresses existed on the territory of the Shumen Plateau Nature Reserve. The most significant historical and archaeological site is the Shumen Fortress (&quot;Old Town&quot;). It is located about 3 km. west of the town of Shumen. Archaeological research, which began in 1957 and lasted nearly 30 years, proves the existence of a fortified settlement as early as the time of the Thracians (5th-2nd centuries BC). During the Roman era (2nd-4th centuries), the fortification became a fortress guarding important Roman roads. In the 5th-6th centuries it was a Byzantine stronghold, defending the approaches to the Stara Planina Mountains. The most significant period was during the late Middle Ages (12th\u201314th centuries), when the Shumen Fortress was one of the most important urban centers of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom. It had an external fortification of three fortress walls and a small internal fortification - a citadel. The inner city has six quarters and six Christian churches. Four churches were built outside the fortress walls, which, like the internal ones, were richly decorated. In 1388, the Shumen Fortress was captured by the troops of Ali Pasha. It was finally destroyed in 1444 during the clash between the Turkish garrison and the crusaders of Vladislav III Jagiellon. Today, the Shumen Fortress is a well-studied, preserved and partially restored historical and archaeological reserve, included in the list of the One Hundred National Tourist Sites. Rock Monasteries They arose during the Second Bulgarian Kingdom (12th\u201314th centuries) and for more than two centuries were a space of religious, spiritual and cultural life. Rock monasteries, churches and monastic cells are associated with the development of hesychasm, a religious doctrine that preaches &quot;pure Christianity&quot;. They are concentrated in the southern and eastern parts of the plateau. They were built in natural caves or rock niches in high, difficult-to-pass slopes or rock crowns. They were reached by steps carved into the rocks or by wooden and rope ladders. The soft structure of the limestone rocks allowed for additional processing and adaptation for the needs of monastic life. Stone walls or wooden partition walls were probably used to complete their construction. This is judged by the preserved rectangular outlines in the rocks and the presence of holes that served to place supporting pillars of wooden walls, eaves and sheds. The rock monasteries (complexes) on the Shumen Plateau most often include churches, a varying number of cells and tombs. A rock church is considered a room that has elements inherent in church architecture: an iconostasis, altar, apse, a throne stone, etc. All rock churches are oriented in an east-west direction. There is scant and very general information about medieval rock monasteries. The earliest reports come from Archbishop Petar Bogdan Bakshev (1601-674). He visited Shumen and the surrounding area in 1640 and spoke about the \u201cnests of enlightenment\u201d that deeply impressed him. He reported that \u201cto the north above the city, in the mountain, there is a hermit\u2019s monastery carved into the rock, and Slavic or Serbian writings and images are clearly visible, but everything was destroyed by the Turks.\u201d The first studies of rock monasteries in Bulgaria, including those on the Shumen plateau, were made by Karel Shkorpil (1859-1944). He visited a large number of them and described their location and characteristic features. In 1963, Stoyan Maslev provided more details about these medieval religious centers. Scheme of Kostadinov Monastery: 1 \u2013 entrance, 2 \u2013 eastern church space, 3 \u2013 apse, 4,5,6 \u2013 niches, 7 \u2013 bench, 8 \u2013 entrance to a small compartment, 9 \u2013 cell, 10 \u2013 opening for lighting, 11 \u2013 carved entrance, 12 \u2013 room, 13 \u2013 carved burial trough, 14 \u2013 bench, 15 \u2013 opening, 16 \u2013 hole with a rectangular section, 17- niches, 18 \u2013 large rock column Memorial Complex &quot;Creators of the Bulgarian State&quot; It is located in the southeastern part of the Shumen Plateau. It was built in honor of the 1300th anniversary of the establishment of the Bulgarian state according to the design of arch. Krum Damyanov. It was opened on November 28, 1981. Through massive sculptural compositions, mosaic panels and fragments with inscriptions, the monument recreates the most important moments in the history of the First Bulgarian Kingdom. It consists of two halls. The first reflects the era of the pagan state. The central figure here is Khan Asparuh. The &quot;Gallery of Khans&quot; leads to the second hall, in which the rulers Tervel, Krum and Omurtag are immortalized. The second hall symbolizes the &quot;Golden Age&quot; of Christian Bulgaria. In the center of the sculptural composition is Tsar Simeon. Multicolored mosaic panels interpret the themes of the baptism of the Bulgarians and the mission of Cyril and Methodius and their students. The monument is crowned with a granite sculpture of a lion, symbolizing the spirit and power of the Bulgarians through the centuries. The site is included in the list of the Hundred National Tourist Sites.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":563,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-439","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=439"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7188,"href":"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/439\/revisions\/7188"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shumenskoplato.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}